{"id":13156,"date":"2019-02-10T16:00:37","date_gmt":"2019-02-10T15:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stripa.nu\/?p=13156"},"modified":"2025-01-06T18:08:25","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T17:08:25","slug":"metroens-historie-1-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stripa.nu\/?p=13156","title":{"rendered":"Metroens tilblivelse (1\/2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapid_transit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Metroen<\/a> er en avl\u00f8per av jernbanen. Den kom f\u00f8rste gang i bruk i 1813. Mens verdens byer ble til og veksten begynte p\u00e5 1870-tallet. Man forstod da at et mer effektivt <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_transport\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">transportmiddel<\/a> som bandt byer sammen, m\u00e5tte til. Stikkord var: h\u00f8y kapasitet og servicefrekvens.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Det var slik metroen ble til. Den finnes gjerne i tett befolkede storbyer og <span id=\"more-6365\"><\/span>og <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urban_area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">omr\u00e5der<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Skiller seg ut<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapid_transit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Metroen<\/a> har mange navn.<br \/>\n\u2022 De mest kjente er: Metro, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/London_Underground\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tube<\/a>, T-bane, U-Bahn eller Subway.<br \/>\n\u2022 Metro skiller seg ut fra andre transportyper.<br \/>\n\u2022 Fordi den ikke deler linje med noen.<br \/>\n\u2022 Metroen er for det meste <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Right-of-way_(transportation)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">h\u00f8yreg\u00e5ende<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2022 Det meste av driften foreg\u00e5r <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapid_transit_technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">under bakken<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2022 Buss, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tram\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trikk<\/a> eller tog vil aldri v\u00e6re like effektivt.<br \/>\n\u2022 Avgangene er hyppige og ofte nede i fem minutters intervall.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Annen struktur<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rail_transport\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jernbanen<\/a> trafikkrer ofte p\u00e5 lengre strekninger.<br \/>\n\u2022 Det betyr mer \u00e5pen mark og driftsforstyrrelser.<br \/>\n\u2022 Metroen trafikkerer i <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suburb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">forstadene<\/a> og bybildet.<br \/>\n\u2022 Skinnegang, topografi, tunneler og <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metro_station\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stasjoner<\/a> er annerledes bygget.<br \/>\n\u2022 De kan takle mer trafikk og h\u00f8yere frekvenser.<br \/>\n\u2022 Strukturen er annerledes og mer <a href=\"https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metrostandard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">moderne<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I begynnelsen<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Var tanken bak det hele en stormetropol.<br \/>\n\u2022 Det spilte inn for <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapid_transit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">metroens<\/a> tilblivelse.<br \/>\n\u2022 I <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/London\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">London<\/a> begynte utviklingen i 1863.<br \/>\n\u2022 Det skulle bli verdens f\u00f8rste <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapid_transit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">metrosystem<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2022 Den spesielle byggeteknikken ga <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tunnelling_shield\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tubeformede<\/a> tunneler.<br \/>\n\u2022 Derav kom klengenavnet &laquo;The Tube&raquo;.<br \/>\n\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/assets.londonist.com\/uploads\/2019\/04\/i875\/met.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dampdrevne<\/a> lokomotiv trafikkerte i begynnelsen.<br \/>\n\u2022 Etterhvert kom <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_London_Underground#Electric_underground_railways_(1900%E2%80%931908)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">togmateriale<\/a> som br\u00e5ket og forurenset mindre.<br \/>\n\u2022 Moderne skinnegang som ga lavt str\u00f8mforbruk, kom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ideen spredte seg<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Neste ut var <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York City<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2022 Dampdrift ga d\u00e5rlig luft og ubehag ved \u00e5 oppholde seg p\u00e5 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metro_station\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stasjoner<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2022 Det ble besluttet \u00e5 bygge et system dels <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elevated_railway\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">over<\/a> bakken.<br \/>\n\u2022 I <a href=\"https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1868\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1868<\/a> ble den f\u00f8rste h\u00f8ybanen \u00e5pnet.<br \/>\n\u2022 Den l\u00f8ste mange problemer. Men ikke alle.<br \/>\n\u2022 Systemene var s\u00e5rbare for <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Power_outage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">str\u00f8mbrudd<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2022 Etter kom Berlin med <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin_U-Bahn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berlin U-Bahn<\/a> og s\u00e5 Paris med Paris Metro.<br \/>\n\u2022 De overnevnte byene slet med mange str\u00f8mbrudd.<br \/>\n\u2022 For \u00e5 omg\u00e5 problemene tok man i bruk diseldrevne <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Work_train\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arbeidstog<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2022 Ideen om et <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapid_transit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">metrosystem<\/a> spredte seg som ild i t\u00f8rt gress.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-15898 size-full\" title=\"Et R-160A vogntogsett p\u00e5 Eight Avenue Local Line. Foto: Adam E. Moreira\" src=\"http:\/\/stripa.nu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NYC_Subway_R160A_9237_on_the_E-01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"678\" height=\"381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stripa.nu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NYC_Subway_R160A_9237_on_the_E-01.jpg 678w, https:\/\/stripa.nu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NYC_Subway_R160A_9237_on_the_E-01-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><br \/>\nDet var starten p\u00e5 en helt ny tid i <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">verden<\/a> og sikker kilde til vekst s\u00e5vel som \u00f8konomisk <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_growth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vekst<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.stripa.nu\/\">Hjem<\/a> \u2022 <a href=\"http:\/\/stripa.nu\/?page_id=2\">Metro<\/a> \u2022 <a href=\"http:\/\/stripa.nu\/?p=15888\">Side 2<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Metroen er en avl\u00f8per av jernbanen. Den kom f\u00f8rste gang i bruk i 1813. Mens verdens byer ble til og veksten begynte p\u00e5 1870-tallet. Man forstod da at et mer effektivt transportmiddel som bandt byer <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/stripa.nu\/?p=13156\" title=\"Metroens tilblivelse (1\/2)\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":15902,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6217],"tags":[10971,2666,10972,10970,7225,4311,2637,2983,5055,7359,8907,3022,12079,28,487,196,199,10113,10114,2408,1361,1744,4168,4170,1466,542,916,417,206,207,157,1575,491,9764,155,324,238,10130,2668,1503,172,1556,13,69,10134,68,1486,1942,198,4263,10973,4169,548,358,357,61,16,2669,2670,686,1113,4267,6,212,213,12,3598,2676,4134,8451,2674,197,195,2655,2675,4254,107,101,2665,4255,371,7785,10192],"class_list":{"0":"post-13156","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-undergrunn","8":"tag-10971","9":"tag-2666","10":"tag-10972","11":"tag-1870s","12":"tag-1900s","13":"tag-4311","14":"tag-2637","15":"tag-2983","16":"tag-5055","17":"tag-7359","18":"tag-8907","19":"tag-3022","20":"tag-12079","21":"tag-aktuelt","22":"tag-amerika","23":"tag-berlin","24":"tag-berlin-u-bahn","25":"tag-broeff","26":"tag-broeffebroeff","27":"tag-broh","28":"tag-bruff","29":"tag-bruh","30":"tag-brutah","31":"tag-daddah","32":"tag-daglidags","33":"tag-dagligdags","34":"tag-dagliglivet","35":"tag-england","36":"tag-eu","37":"tag-europa","38":"tag-fakta","39":"tag-frankrike","40":"tag-fritid","41":"tag-globalt","42":"tag-historie","43":"tag-historikk","44":"tag-hobby","45":"tag-hoeykultur","46":"tag-hva-metro-er","47":"tag-hverdagslig","48":"tag-hverdagsliv","49":"tag-hverdagslivet","50":"tag-kollektivtrafikk","51":"tag-kultur","52":"tag-kultur-og-saant","53":"tag-kulturgreier","54":"tag-london","55":"tag-london-underground","56":"tag-metro","57":"tag-metroens-tilblivelse","58":"tag-metropolis","59":"tag-mutah","60":"tag-nett","61":"tag-new-york-city","62":"tag-new-york-city-subway","63":"tag-norge","64":"tag-oslo","65":"tag-paris","66":"tag-paris-metro","67":"tag-reise","68":"tag-statisk-innhold","69":"tag-statisk-side","70":"tag-stripa","71":"tag-subway","72":"tag-t-bane","73":"tag-t-banen","74":"tag-the-tube","75":"tag-transport","76":"tag-tube","77":"tag-tunnelbana","78":"tag-tunnelbanan","79":"tag-tyskland","80":"tag-u-bahn","81":"tag-underground","82":"tag-undergrunnen","83":"tag-undergrunnsbane","84":"tag-usa","85":"tag-verden","86":"tag-verdens-storbyer","87":"tag-verdensmetropoler","88":"tag-web","89":"tag-webed","90":"tag-webside"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stripa.nu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stripa.nu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stripa.nu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stripa.nu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stripa.nu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13156"}],"version-history":[{"count":52,"href":"https:\/\/stripa.nu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39117,"href":"https:\/\/stripa.nu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13156\/revisions\/39117"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stripa.nu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15902"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stripa.nu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stripa.nu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stripa.nu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}